Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that causes red, itchy and inflamed skin. It affects both children and adults and can be chronic in nature. The symptoms of eczema can vary from person to person and may come and go over time. It’s important to recognize the signs of eczema in order to seek proper treatment and relief from the symptoms.
This article will outline the common symptoms of eczema and provide insight into how to identify them. By understanding the symptoms, individuals can take the necessary steps to manage and alleviate their eczema.
1. Itchy Skin
One of the primary symptoms of eczema is intense itching. This itching can be severe and is often worse at night, leading to disruption of sleep. The constant urge to scratch the affected areas can further irritate the skin, leading to redness and inflammation. It’s important for individuals with eczema to avoid scratching as much as possible to prevent aggravating the condition.
Topical corticosteroids and moisturizers can help alleviate itching and reduce the urge to scratch. Additionally, applying a cold compress to the affected areas can provide temporary relief from the itching sensation.
2. Red, Inflamed Skin
Eczema can cause the skin to become red, inflamed, and swollen. The affected areas may also develop small, raised bumps that ooze fluid when scratched. This can lead to a crust or scab forming over the affected skin. The redness and inflammation can be unsightly and may cause discomfort or even pain.
Using gentle, fragrance-free skincare products and avoiding harsh chemicals can help reduce the redness and inflammation associated with eczema. Moisturizing the skin regularly can also help improve the skin barrier and reduce the severity of these symptoms.
3. Dry, Flaky Skin
Eczema can cause the skin to become extremely dry and flaky, especially during flare-ups. The skin may appear rough and scaly, with areas of peeling and cracking. This can lead to further irritation and discomfort, as well as an increased risk of infection.
Regular use of emollients and moisturizers is essential in managing dry, flaky skin associated with eczema. These products help to hydrate the skin and lock in moisture, preventing it from becoming excessively dry and flaky. Avoiding hot showers and baths and using gentle, non-soap cleansers can also help maintain the skin’s natural moisture levels.
4. Thickened, Scaly Skin
With chronic eczema, the affected skin may become thickened and develop a scaly appearance. This is known as lichenification and is a result of constant scratching or rubbing of the affected areas. The skin may feel rough and leathery to the touch, and the texture and appearance of the skin may be visibly altered.
To manage thickened, scaly skin, it’s important to break the itch-scratch cycle. This may involve using anti-itch medications, covering the affected areas with bandages or dressings, and practicing relaxation techniques to reduce the urge to scratch.
5. Infection
Due to the excessive scratching and compromised skin barrier, individuals with eczema are at an increased risk of developing skin infections. These may present as areas of oozing, crusting, or yellowish discharge on the skin. Infection can exacerbate the symptoms of eczema and may require medical intervention.
Keeping the skin clean and dry, using mild antiseptic solutions, and seeking prompt medical attention for any signs of infection can help prevent and manage infections associated with eczema. In some cases, oral or topical antibiotics may be necessary to treat the infection.
6. Dark Patches of Skin
Long-term eczema flare-ups can lead to the development of dark patches of skin, known as hyperpigmentation. These areas may appear darker than the surrounding skin and can be a source of embarrassment or self-consciousness for individuals with eczema.
Regular use of sunscreen and sun-protective clothing is important for individuals with eczema to help prevent further darkening of the affected skin. Additionally, treatments such as topical retinoids or chemical peels may help to lighten hyperpigmented areas over time.
7. Cracked Skin
Due to the dryness and inflammation associated with eczema, the skin may become cracked and fissured. These splits in the skin can be painful and may increase the risk of infection. Cracked skin can be particularly problematic on the hands and feet, as it can interfere with everyday activities.
Regular use of emollients and moisturizers, especially those containing ingredients such as ceramides and hyaluronic acid, can help prevent and heal cracked skin. Avoiding harsh soaps and using protective gloves when engaging in activities that may further dry out or damage the skin can also be beneficial.
8. Swollen Skin
During eczema flare-ups, the affected skin may become swollen and puffy. This can be particularly noticeable around the eyes, where the skin may appear swollen and discolored. The swelling can lead to discomfort and may affect an individual’s appearance.
Using cold compresses and elevating the affected area can help reduce swelling associated with eczema. Additionally, oral or topical antihistamines may provide relief from the swelling and itching, particularly when it occurs around the eyes or on the face.
9. Sensitivity to Irritants
Individuals with eczema often have heightened sensitivity to certain irritants, such as perfumes, soaps, and detergents. Exposure to these irritants can exacerbate the symptoms of eczema, causing redness, itching, and inflammation.
Avoiding irritants and allergens is important for managing eczema symptoms. This may involve switching to fragrance-free or hypoallergenic products, using gentle detergents for laundry, and avoiding exposure to known allergens such as pet dander or pollen. Wearing protective clothing or gloves when in contact with potential irritants can also provide a barrier for the skin.
10. Emotional Impact
Beyond the physical symptoms of eczema, it’s important to recognize the emotional impact that the condition can have on individuals. Eczema may lead to feelings of embarrassment, low self-esteem, and social isolation. It can also affect an individual’s mental health and overall well-being.
Seeking professional support, such as counseling or therapy, can be beneficial for individuals dealing with the emotional impact of eczema. Connecting with support groups or online communities can also provide a sense of understanding and validation for those living with eczema. Managing the emotional aspect of eczema is an important part of overall treatment and care.
