Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare type of indolent (slow-growing) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that primarily affects the spleen. It is characterized by the clonal proliferation of B cells in the marginal zone of the spleen. SMZL is often diagnosed in older adults and may not cause any symptoms in its early stages.
However, as the disease progresses, patients may experience a range of symptoms that can significantly impact their quality of life. It is important for individuals to be aware of the potential symptoms of SMZL so that they can seek prompt medical attention and receive appropriate treatment. In this article, we will explore the common symptoms of splenic marginal zone lymphoma.
Enlarged Spleen (Splenomegaly)
One of the hallmark symptoms of splenic marginal zone lymphoma is the enlargement of the spleen, a condition known as splenomegaly. As SMZL primarily affects the spleen, the abnormal proliferation of B cells can cause the organ to become enlarged. Patients with an enlarged spleen may experience discomfort or pain in the upper left part of the abdomen. In some cases, the enlarged spleen may be palpable during a physical examination.
It is important for individuals to be aware of the potential symptoms of SMZL so that they can seek prompt medical attention and receive appropriate treatment.
Anemia
Another common symptom of SMZL is anemia, which occurs when there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Patients with SMZL may also experience pallor, dizziness, and an increased heart rate as a result of their anemia. It is important for individuals with unexplained anemia to undergo further evaluation to determine the underlying cause, which may include SMZL.
Unintended Weight Loss
Unintended weight loss is a nonspecific symptom that may be present in patients with SMZL. Individuals with SMZL may experience a significant and unintentional decrease in body weight, which can be accompanied by a loss of appetite. Unexplained weight loss can be concerning and may warrant further investigation to rule out underlying medical conditions, including splenic marginal zone lymphoma.
Weakness and Fatigue
Patients with SMZL may experience persistent weakness and fatigue, which can significantly impact their daily activities and quality of life. Weakness and fatigue may be related to anemia, as well as the direct effects of the lymphoma on the body. It is important for individuals to report these symptoms to their healthcare providers, as they may indicate the presence of SMZL or another medical condition that requires attention.
Night Sweats
Night sweats are another potential symptom of SMZL. Patients with this condition may experience episodes of excessive sweating during the night, which can be severe enough to require changes of clothing or bedding. Night sweats may be accompanied by fever and can contribute to sleep disturbances and overall discomfort. It is important for individuals to discuss any unexplained night sweats with their healthcare providers to determine the cause and appropriate management.
Enlarged Lymph Nodes
In some cases, patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma may also develop enlarged lymph nodes, particularly those located in the neck, armpits, or groin. Enlarged lymph nodes may be palpable during a physical examination and can be concerning for individuals who notice changes in these areas of their body. Enlarged lymph nodes can be a sign of lymphoma or other medical conditions and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Abdominal Discomfort or Fullness
Patients with SMZL may experience abdominal discomfort or fullness, which can be related to the enlargement of the spleen or liver. This symptom may be more noticeable after consuming meals and can contribute to a sensation of early satiety. Individuals who experience persistent abdominal discomfort or a feeling of fullness should seek medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause of their symptoms.
Frequent Infections
Patients with SMZL may be at an increased risk of developing frequent infections due to the dysfunction of their immune system. The abnormal proliferation of B cells in the spleen can interfere with the body’s ability to effectively fight off infections, leading to recurrent illnesses. Individuals with a history of frequent or severe infections should consult with their healthcare providers to determine the appropriate management and potential underlying causes.
Generalized Itching (Pruritus)
Itching, also known as pruritus, may be present in patients with SMZL. Generalized itching can be distressing and may not be relieved by traditional measures such as moisturizers or antihistamines. It is important for individuals with unexplained itching to seek medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment, as itching can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including splenic marginal zone lymphoma.
Neurological Symptoms
In rare cases, patients with SMZL may experience neurological symptoms due to the involvement of the central nervous system. Neurological symptoms may include headaches, changes in mental status, weakness, or sensory abnormalities. Individuals with unexplained neurological symptoms should seek prompt medical attention to undergo a thorough evaluation and determine the cause of their symptoms.
